{"id":184,"date":"2021-07-01T10:49:00","date_gmt":"2021-07-01T10:49:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jamiamasjid.securityguardsuk.com\/?page_id=184"},"modified":"2021-07-29T12:34:34","modified_gmt":"2021-07-29T12:34:34","slug":"meat-at-the-supermarket","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/jamiamasjid.com\/?page_id=184","title":{"rendered":"Meat at the Supermarket"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t

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Meat of Ahlul-Kitaab Fallacy for Western Muslims<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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[4:103] Surely, Salah is an obligation on the believers that is tied up with time.<\/h2>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Summary:<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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The simplest and common sense response to those who advocate eating at KFC, McDonalds is to submit to them that the religion of those slaughtered the meat is neither recorded nor tracked in the West. When you visit KFC the Chicken could have been slaughtered by a Hindu, Buddhist, Christian, Jew or Atheist so do discuss the issue of meat slaughtered by Ahlul-Kitaab (People of the Book) is not established.<\/p>
The proponents are then left with no choice but to \u201cbend the reality\u201d and make a broad assumption that since America (or any other country) is Christian then let\u2019s assume that the slaughterer MUST ALSO be a Christian (or a Jew). This is a logical fallacy apparent to anyone who lives in the West:<\/p>
1. <\/span>Does everybody who works with you Jew or Christian?<\/p>
2. <\/span>Does your employer even record the religion of the people working with you?<\/p>
3. <\/span>Does your country even require a column on the employment application to record your religion?<\/p>
The Shariah aspects of the matter are discussed at length in the article below and the book of Shaykh (Mufti) Taqi Usmani (HA) containing his findings presented to Islamic Scholars of the world at Islamic Fiqh Academy (Jeddah) is also enclosed at the bottom.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Shaykh Mufti Minhajuddin Ahmed (HA)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Definitions<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Firstly let\u2019s define some terms associated with the issue of meat consumption in Islam.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Halal:<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0Default categorisation of certain animals in Islam i.e. chicken is\u00a0Halal\u00a0to consume, cows\/buffaloes etc are\u00a0Halal\u00a0to consume etc.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Meat of\u00a0Ahlul-Kitaab<\/span><\/strong>: Allah (SWT) has permitted the meat of Jews & Christians for Muslims to consume and here is the verse. [5:5] This day, good things have been made lawful for you. The food of the people of the Book is lawful for you, and your food is lawful for them\u2026<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Dhabiha:\u00a0<\/span><\/strong>Islamically slaughtered meat done by pronouncement of Allah (SWT)\u2019s name and by cutting the throat, oesophagus, jugular vein and letting the blood flow.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Expansion of definitions:\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Secondly let\u2019s expand the aforementioned definitions.<\/p>
In my humble experience during travelling and when dealing with many Muslims it is insufficient to simply ask for \u201cHalal\u00a0Meat\u201d because the concept is lost in translation i.e. many Muslims (living in the West and Airline employees in particular) take\u00a0\u201cHalal\u201d<\/em>\u00a0to be a categorisation i.e. Chicken is\u00a0\u201cHalal\u201d<\/em>\u00a0to consume so when you ask the question you will be given chicken because by default its\u00a0Halal. Unfortunately many of our Muslim brothers and sisters are not too knowledgeable about Islam and its intricacies and at best their domain of knowledge is limited to Satellite Televisions and googling Fatwaas so no point in arguing in the middle of a flight or in small town in Sweden or Switzerland!<\/span><\/span><\/p>
A more correct and complete request would be to ask for or look for \u201cDhabiha\u00a0meat\u201d and not merely \u201cHalal\u00a0meat\u201d\u00a0since many Muslims are familiar with the concept and those amongst Muslims or Non-Muslims who are not familiar with the distinction can be easily explained.<\/span><\/span><\/p>
Once the distinction is understood, you may be presented with the meat of\u00a0Ahlul-Kitaab\u00a0as it is unfortunately widely accepted and consumed in US & Europe, without fear and based on lack of understanding and knowledge.\u00a0This error has manifested itself in such a manner that in some communities\u2019 commercially available meat from Western Supermarkets is consumed and no effort is made to search for \u201cDhabiha\u00a0meat\u201d.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Meat of Ahlul-Kitaab (Jews & Christians):<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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The opinion amongst those who consider commercially available meat from Western Supermarkets permissible to consume can be divided into two categories.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Position of Hanbali Ulama of Saudi Arabia:<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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In order for meat of\u00a0Ahlul-Kitaab\u00a0to be considered\u00a0Halal, the following conditions have to be met:<\/span><\/span><\/p>
a. <\/span>That the meat be slaughtered as a Muslim does it, but cutting the throat and oesophagus and letting the blood flow. If the animal is killed by strangling or electric shock or drowning in water, its meat is not permissible.<\/span><\/p>
b. <\/span>No name other than that of\u00a0Allah (SWT)\u00a0should be mentioned over it, such as the name of the Messiah etc, because\u00a0Allah (SWT)\u00a0says (interpretation of the meaning):\u00a0\u00a0[6:121] \u201cEat not (O believers) of that (meat) on which Allah (SWT) \u2019s Name has not been pronounced (at the time of the slaughtering of the animal)\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>
c. <\/span>Meat must not be sacrificed by\u00a0Ahlul-Kitaab\u00a0for their religious festivals or in order to get closer to someone other than\u00a0Allah (SWT)\u00a0, such meat is rendered impermissible regardless of the method of slaughter or whether the name of the deity other then Allah (SWT) was mentioned or not.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>
http:\/\/www.islam-qa.com\/en\/ref\/88206\/meat<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Position of Shaykh Yusuf Qaradawi (HA):<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Meat of\u00a0Ahlul-Kitaab\u00a0is by default considered\u00a0Halal\u00a0regardless of the method of slaughter, although caution should be exercised in consuming meat upon which the name of other than\u00a0Allah (SWT) has been mentioned.<\/span><\/span><\/p>
a. <\/span>It is \u201cbest\u201d that nothing other than\u00a0Allah (SWT)\u2019s name is mentioned.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\u201cIf one does not hear from a Christian or a Jew that a name other than\u00a0Allah\u2019s\u00a0such as that of Jesus or a saint, was mentioned at the time of slaughter, the meat he offers is\u00a0halal. If, however, he says that a name other than\u00a0Allah\u2019s has been mentioned, it is\u00a0haram, according to the opinion of some jurists who argue that it falls under the heading of what has been dedicated to other than\u00a0Allah. Some others hold the opinion that the food of the People of the Book has been permitted to us by\u00a0Allah, Who is aware of what they say when slaughtering an animal.\u201d (The Lawful and The Prohibited in Islam by Yusuf Al-Qaradawi, page 60)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\u201c\u2026we know that imported meats, such as chicken and canned beef, originating with the People of the Book are\u00a0halal\u00a0for us, even though the animal may have been killed by means of electric shock or the like. As long as they consider it lawful in their religion, it is\u00a0halal\u00a0for us. This is the application of the above verse from Surah al-Maidah.\u201d (Sheikh Qaradawi is referring to Quran 5:5) (The Lawful and The Prohibited in Islam by Yusuf Al-Qaradawi, page 62)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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http:\/\/www.soundvision.com\/Info\/halalhealthy\/maududi.asp<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Should the meat of Ahlul-Kitaab also be Dhabiha?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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The rules of permissibility of meat have been set forth by Allah (SWT) in Surah Al-Maida in the following verse:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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[5:3] Prohibited for you are: carrion, blood, the flesh of swine, and those upon which (a name) other than that of Allah has been invoked (at the time of slaughter), animal killed by strangulation, or killed by a blow, or by a fall, or by goring, or that which is eaten by a beast unless you have properly slaughtered it; and that which has been slaughtered before the idols, and that you determine shares through the arrows. (All of) this is sin.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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The conditional clause \u201c\u0625\u0650\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0627 \u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0630\u064e\u0643\u0651\u064e\u064a\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0645\u0652\u00a0(unless you have properly slaughtered)\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/strong>clarifies in the verse above that the animal which was eaten by a beast was still alive, hence in order for it to be made permissible it has to be properly slaughtered, if the eaten animal was dead (i.e. killed by the beast) then it would be a dead carcass and there would be no point in slaughtering a dead animal!<\/span><\/p>
The conditional clause of \u201c\u0625\u0650\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0627 \u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0630\u064e\u0643\u0651\u064e\u064a\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0645\u0652\u00a0(unless you have properly slaughtered)\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/strong>should be closely observed as it is used in the\u00a0Qur\u2019aan\u00a0as a distinguishing factor for the permissibility of meat. Linguistically\u00a0Dhakah\u00a0means to complete or perfect something.<\/span><\/span><\/p>
As for the definition of purification and cleanliness in\u00a0Dhakah, this is included in the meaning of the statement of Muhammad bin al-Hanafiyyah: \u201cThe drying up of the ground is its\u00a0Dhakah\u00a0(purification),\u201d meaning that it purifies it, because\u00a0Dhakah\u00a0of the slaughtered animal makes it pure and clean. [Lisan al-\u2018Arab\u2019 (18\/314]<\/span><\/span><\/p>
The conditional clause \u201c\u0625\u0650\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0627 \u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0630\u064e\u0643\u0651\u064e\u064a\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0645\u0652\u00a0(unless you have properly slaughtered)\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/strong>is a universal and categorical clause which separates the impermissible from the permissible.<\/span><\/p>
A few verses later where\u00a0[5:5] This day, good things have been made lawful for you. The food of the people of the Book is lawful for you\u2026is mentioned\u00a0the\u00a0conditional clause \u201c\u0625\u0650\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0627 \u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0630\u064e\u0643\u0651\u064e\u064a\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0645\u0652\u00a0(unless you have properly slaughtered)\u00a0\u201d\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/strong>still applies. Imam Tabari (RA) writes in famous commentary:<\/span><\/span><\/p>
a. <\/span>His word\u00a0\u201d\u0648\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u062d\u0644 \u0644\u0643\u0645\u00a0\u201cand the food of the People of the Book is lawful to you,\u201d<\/span><\/em><\/strong>\u00a0shows the lawfulness of what they properly slaughter.\u00a0\u00a0The People of the Book are the Jews and the Christians and they are those who received the Torah and the Bible and were given revelation and so they followed their respective books or one of them.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>
b. <\/span>A little further Imam Tabari (RA) writes, \u201cAs for the food that Allah mentioned in His word\u00a0\u0648\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u062d\u0644 \u0644\u0643\u0645\u00a0\/ \u201cand the food of the People of the Book is\u00a0lawful to you,\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/strong>\u00a0it refers to what they properly slaughter.\u00a0\u00a0What I have said has been said by the competent exegetes.\u00a0\u00a0Here follows the mention of those who said that.\u00a0\u00a0Abu Kuraib and Wakee\u2018 reported from Ibn Idrees [al-Shafi\u2018] from Laith from Mujaahid concerning His word\u00a0\u0648\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u062d\u0644 \u0644\u0643\u0645\u00a0\/ \u201cand the food of the People of the Book is lawful to you,\u201d\u00a0that he [Mujaahid] said: \u201cIt is what they have slaughtered according to rite.\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>. The above chain of narration is clearly rigorously authentic; all of its narrators are narrators that Imam Bukhari (RA) depended on except Imam Shafa\u2019e (RA) who of course is utterly reliable.\u00a0\u00a0After that Imam Tabari (RA) reported fifteen reports from the specialists in exegesis from the Followers including six more reports from al-Mujaahid about whom Suyaan al-Thauri said: \u201cIf exegesis comes from al-Mujaahid then let that suffice you.\u201d\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Al-Suyooti who mentioned the report from Sufyan in his a-Itqaan then quoted Ibn Taimiyyah: \u201cFor this reason [the reliability of al-Mujaahid] Imam Shafa\u2019e (RA)\u00a0and Imam Bukhari (RA) and other exegetical authorities depend on him.\u201d<\/span><\/p>
c. <\/span>Imam Ibn Katheer (RA) writes in famous commentary, \u201cIbn Abbas and Abu Umaamah and Mujaahid and Sa\u2018eed ibn Jubair and \u2018Ikrimah and \u2018Ataa\u2019 and al-Hasan and Makhool and al-Suddi and Muqaatil ibn Hayyaan said that it (the food of the people of the book) means \u201cwhat they slaughter\u201d; in fact this is a matter on which there is agreement among the ulama that is what they [the People of the Book] slaughter is lawful for the Muslims because they believe that it is unlawful to slaughter to other than Allah and they mention the nothing other than the name of Allah over what they slaughter even though they believe things about Him, exalted is He, that he transcends.\u201d<\/span><\/p>
d. <\/span>A little further Imam Ibn Katheer (RA) writes, \u201c\u2026For this reason He did not make lawful what people other than, the polytheists and those like them killed because they do not mention the name of Allah over what they kill and in fact they don\u2019t even restrict themselves to eating what\u00a0has been properly slaughtered\u00a0but eat what has been killed [al-maitah] contrary to the People of the Two Books.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>
The\u00a0Hanbali\u00a0Imam al-Muwaffaq Ibn al-Quddaamah (d. 620 \/ 1223; Damascus) about who Ibn Taimiyyah (RA) says, \u201cNo many ever entered Shaam after al-Auzaa\u2018i [d. 157 \/ 774; Beirut] more learned in\u00a0fiqh\u00a0than Shaikh al-Muwaffaq,\u201d\u00a0\u00a0said in his encyclopaedic work on\u00a0Hanbali fiqh\u00a0in which he also discussed at length the differences of opinions of the other madhhabs:\u00a0\u0648\u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0630\u0628\u062d \u062d\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0644 \u0630\u0628\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0647\u00a0\/ \u201cIf a person from the People of the Book slaughters according to rite what he has slaughtered is lawful.\u201d\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Notice that he specified \u201cslaughtered\u201d and did not say \u201ckill.\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>
In other words the animal has to be slaughtered completely or perfectly in order for its meat to become permissible for consumption, regardless of the slaughterer being Muslim or from\u00a0Ahlul-Kitaab.<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>
Removing the stipulation of \u201c\u0625\u0650\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0627 \u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0630\u064e\u0643\u0651\u064e\u064a\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0645\u0652\u00a0(unless you have properly slaughtered)\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/strong>from\u00a0the verse\u00a0[5:5] This day, good things have been made lawful for you. The food of the people of the Book is lawful for you\u2026would create a problem because it would mean that food of the people of the book would have to be loosely interpreted meaning that pig which is the \u201cfood of the people of the Book\u201d would also become permissible!<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>
We ask the reasons for declaring pork and animals killed by strangulation or blow by\u00a0Ahlul-Kitaab\u00a0impressible? And if the answer is that they have been stipulated impermissible two verses before:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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[5:3] Prohibited for you are: carrion, blood, the flesh of swine, and those upon which (a name) other than that of Allah has been invoked (at the time of slaughter), animal killed by strangulation, or killed by a blow, or by a fall, or by goring, or that which is eaten by a beast\u00a0unless you have properly slaughtered it; and that which has been slaughtered before the idols, and that you determine shares through the arrows. (All of) this is sin.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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They we ask why is \u201c\u0625\u0650\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0627 \u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0630\u064e\u0643\u0651\u064e\u064a\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0645\u0652\u00a0(unless you have properly slaughtered)\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/strong>ignored from the same verse? What has prompted taking bits from the verse and ignoring the rest?<\/span><\/p>
Thus the verse must be understood correctly to mean that meat properly slaughtered by the\u00a0Ahlul-Kitaab\u00a0is permissible to consume.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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What is Dhabiha or proper slaughter?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Dhabiha (or proper slaughter)\u00a0has certain conditions and prerequisites which are discussed below:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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1. <\/span><\/strong>The slaughterer must be a Muslim or a person from\u00a0Ahlul-Kitaab\u00a0(Jew or a Christian) and the slaughter of everyone else is Haram and there is a consensus on this issue\u00a0[Al-Mughni]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>
2. <\/span><\/strong>The slaughter must be done with a tool with a sharp edge and the animal must be killed by the sharpness and not by using force and most of the four veins (including the Jugular vein, according to some) must be cut.<\/span><\/p>
a. <\/span>Narrated Rafi bin Khadij (RA)\u2026The Prophet (Sallaho Alaihe Wassallam) said, \u201cIf the killing tool causes blood to gush out and if Allah\u2019s Name is mentioned, eat (of the slaughterer animal). But do not slaughter with a tooth or a nail. I am telling you why: A tooth is a bone, and the nail is the knife of Ethiopians.\u201d [Bukhari]<\/p>
b. <\/span>Yahya related to me from Malik that Abdullah ibn Abbas used to say, \u201cYou can eat anything that has had its jugular vein cut.\u201d [Malik]<\/p>
c. The entire Ummah\u00a0is agreed upon the place of the cut which is the throat and base of the neck.\u00a0Hanbali Imam al-Muwaffaq Ibn al-Quddaamah\u00a0(RA) writes in\u00a0Al-Mughni\u00a0\u201cAs for the location of the slaughter, it is the throat and base of the neck and it is not allowed to cut except there by consensus.\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/p>
3.<\/span><\/strong>The name of\u00a0Allah\u00a0must be taken at the time of slaughtering, whether actually or effectively (such as when it is forgotten by someone who would normally have said it);<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>
a. <\/span>[6:121] Do not eat that (meat) over which the name of Allah has not been pronounced. This is surely a sin. The satans inspire their friends to dispute with you. If you were to obey them, you would be Mushriks.<\/p>
b. This is the ruling according to the majority of the jurists. It is usually related from Imam Shafa\u2019e (RA) that the animal will be halal\u00a0even in the situation of leaving pronouncing the name of\u00a0Allah\u00a0intentionally, and to recite the name of Allah is merely a\u00a0Sunnah. However Shaykh (Mufti) Taqi Usmani (RA) argues (after giving proofs from the extensive works of the\u00a0Shafa`e school) that this is only when it occurs infrequently. If a habit is made of leaving pronouncing the name of Allah due to negligence and taking the matter lightly, it is also not permissible according to the\u00a0Shafa`e\u00a0school.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Problems with commercially available western supermarket meat:\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Problem 1:<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Many citizens of most Western countries no longer truly believe or practise any religion, let alone Christianity. They may be \u201cChristian\u201d by name but in reality many people are Atheists or simply can\u2019t be bothered. Church attendances have been steadily declining. It is foolish to assume that all Western citizens are \u201cChristians\u201d,\u00a0today.<\/span><\/span><\/p>
http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Religion_in_Europe<\/a><\/p>
Moreover, it is also foolish to assume that everybody living in the West is a Jew or Christian; there are plenty of people of other faiths and\/or atheists and agnostics in the west.<\/p>
The ruling of meat slaughtered by \u201cChristians by name\u201d has been recorded from Sayyidina Ali (RA) as Imam Ibnul Hajr Al-Asqalani (RA) records in Fathul Bari (commentary of Saheeh Bukhari)<\/p>
Rather an authentic report has come from Ali attesting that he prohibited what was slaughtered by some Christian Arabs.\u00a0\u00a0It was reported by\u00a0<\/span><\/em>Imam Shafa\u2019e (RA)\u00a0and Abd al-Razzaaq with a rigorously authentic chain of narration from Muhammad ibn Seereen from \u2018Abeedah al-Salmaani from Ali that he said: \u201cDon\u2019t eat what the Christians of Banu Taghlib have slaughtered because they have not retained of their religion anything but drinking wine.\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/p>
Shaykh Abdullah Ibn Baz (RA)<\/a>\u00a0said:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u0643\u0644 \u060c \u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u060c \u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0625\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0645 \u064a\u0630\u0628\u062d\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0646\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0642 \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u0643\u0644<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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If there are other kaafirs in the region, then do not eat it, because that means there is doubt as to whether it is halaal or haraam. Similarly if you know that those who sell these meats slaughter the animals in a way that is different from the shar\u2019i method, such as strangling or electric shock, then do not eat it\u2026<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Problem 2:<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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In most Western democracies it is against the law to discriminate on religious grounds and to streamline the process of employment most employers do not ask for the religion of the employee. In other words if there was a vacancy for an Engineer then the qualifications\/skills\/experience of a potential employee will be checked and verified and the religious affiliations are deemed to be irrelevant. Similarly for a slaughterer the necessary qualifications\/skills\/experience and certifications will be checked and religion will be ignored.<\/span><\/span><\/p>
A qualified slaughterer can be a Muslim, Jew, Christian, Atheist, Buddhist and his OR her religion is neither disclosed nor tracked with the meat. It cannot be guaranteed that the slaughterer is indeed a Muslim or a Jew or a Christian.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Problem 3:<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Just because an animal is \u201cHalal\u201d to consume isn\u2019t sufficient and the laughter being a Muslim or from\u00a0Ahlul-Kitaab isn\u2019t sufficient. Its method of killing must also conform to Islamic Shariah.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>
The two verses in Surah Al-Maidah (The Table spread, Chapter 5) must be understood together as understood by the Scholars of Islam<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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[5:3] Prohibited for you are: carrion, blood, the flesh of swine, and those upon which (a name) other than that of Allah has been invoked (at the time of slaughter), animal killed by strangulation, or killed by a blow, or by a fall, or by goring, or that which is eaten by a beast unless you have properly slaughtered it; and that which has been slaughtered before the idols, and that you determine shares through the arrows. (All of) this is sin\u2026<\/span><\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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[5:5] This day, good things have been made lawful for you. The food of the people of the Book is lawful for you\u2026<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Food of the people of the Book becomes a problematic concept as soon as the conditional clause of \u201c\u0625\u0650\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0627 \u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0630\u064e\u0643\u0651\u064e\u064a\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0645\u0652\u00a0(unless you have properly slaughtered)\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/strong>is ignored and this matter has been thoroughly discussed previously.<\/span><\/p>
We know of no western country which has legislation requiring the slaughter of animals according to Islamic Shariah, in cause of chicken a partial cut is made by needle like insertions (after stunning) and in case of cattle a cut is made (which may partially cut a blood vessel or may severe the wind pipe) or the neck is cleanly cut off! All forms of slaughters currently employed by Non-Muslims are problematic in one way or another.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Ignoring real and valid doubts?\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Problem 1:<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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It is surprising to note that Scholars who deem it permissible to consume the supermarket meat in the west advise to ignore valid and genuine doubts concerning commonly available meat. This is strangely against the practise of Muslim and Sunnah as Rasul-ullah (Sallaho Alaihe Wassallam) very clearly advised:<\/span><\/span><\/p>
On the authority of Al-Numan bin Basheer, who said : I heard the messenger of Allah say : \u201cThat which is lawful is plain and that which is unlawful is plain and between the two of them are doubtful matters about which not many people know. Thus he who avoids doubtful matters clears himself in regard to his religion and his honour, but he who falls into doubtful matters falls into that which is unlawful, like the shepherd who pastures around a sanctuary, all but grazing therein. Truly every king has a sanctuary, and truly Allah\u2019s sanctuary is His prohibitions. Truly in the body there is a morsel of flesh which, if it be whole, all the body is whole and which, if it be diseased, all of it is diseased. Truly it is the heart.\u201d [Bukhari & Muslim]<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Problem 2:<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Moreover Muslims are advised to read Bismillah and consume the meat in case of uncertainty based upon the following narration in Saheeh Bukhari:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Narrated \u2018Aisha (RA):\u00a0\u00a0A group of people said to the Prophet (Sallaho Alaihe Wassallam), \u201cSome people bring us meat and we do not know whether they have mentioned Allah\u2019s Name or not on slaughtering the animal.\u201d He said, \u201cMention Allah\u2019s Name on it and eat.\u201d [Bukhari]<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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The application of this Hadeeth to commercially available meat in the West is factually inaccurate because the slaughterers in this Hadeeth were \u201cNew Muslims\u201d as mentioned by Aisha (RA) herself\u00a0\u201cAnd these people had just recently entered Islam\u201d\u00a0as clearly mentioned by Imam Ibnul Hajr Al-Asqalani (RA) in Fathul Bari (commentary of Saheeh Bukhari).<\/span><\/span><\/p>
This hadith of \u2018A\u2019ishah (RA) is referring to a group of Muslim bedouins who had just accepted Islam. In fact, as stated by al-Baghawi in \u2018Sharh as-Sunnah that\u00a0Imam Shafa\u2019e (RA)\u00a0derived from this that the Tasmiyah is not a condition for the permissibility of the meat.<\/span><\/p>
This hadeeth provides evidence that if the slaughterer was a Muslim then it is not required to inquire whether the name of\u00a0Allah (SWT)\u00a0was pronounced upon it, rather it should be assumed. This is why Imam Baihaqi (RA) has titled the chapter under which he placed this hadith \u2018Whoever Doesn\u2019t mention Allah\u2019s Name and Whose Slaughtered Meat is Permissible.\u2019 [See Ibn at-Turkmani\u2019s \u2018al-Jawhar an-Naqiyy \u2018ala as-Sunan al-Kubra\u2019 (9\/239)]<\/span><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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And Ibn \u2018Abd al-Barr said in \u2018at-Tamhid\u2019: \u201cIndeed, if the Muslim slaughters some meat and it is not known if he mentioned Allah\u2019s Name upon it, there is no problem in eating it, and it is to be assumed that he did so. One should assume nothing but the best about the believer, and his slaughtered meat and hunted game is to be assumed safe to eat.\u201d [Ibn Qudamah in \u2018al-Mughni\u2019 (13\/77)]<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Thus the application of meat slaughtered by new Muslims living on the outskirts of Madinah to meat available in the western supermarkets where the religious affiliation of slaughterer is unknown is nothing but a fallacy!<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Problem 3:<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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The default ruling for the meat is Haram\u00a0unless\u00a0conditional clause of \u201c\u0625\u0650\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0627 \u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0630\u064e\u0643\u0651\u064e\u064a\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0645\u0652\u00a0(unless you have properly slaughtered)\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/strong>is fulfilled which renders it permissible to consume.<\/span><\/span><\/p>
So, what is the default when it comes to the meat of animals before they are slaughtered? The default regarding animals as a whole is that they are\u00a0halal\u00a0unless there is a text forbidding them.<\/span><\/span><\/p>
However, the default specifically regarding eating the meat of these animals is that it is\u00a0haram\u00a0until we are sure that they have been slaughtered properly. So, if doubt is introduced, we go back to the default ruling. This is a very important principle that many who write about the issue of slaughtered meats are heedless of, as they throw out the phrase \u2018the default in things is their permissibility\u2019 and \u2018certainty is not removed by doubt,\u2019 and they conclude that the default in these doubtful meats is therefore that they are\u00a0halal. This principle that all of the scholars of Fiqh have confirmed \u2013 either implicitly or explicitly \u2013 is that the default ruling of animals is that they are\u00a0haram\u00a0until it is confirmed that they have been slaughtered properly. And Imam Nawawi (RA) said in Al-Majmu, \u201cThis principle is a point of consensus between the scholars, and there is no dispute regarding it,\u201d and he commented (in his commentary of Saheeh Muslim) on the hadith of \u2018Adiyy bin Hatim that will be mentioned (if Allah Wills) by saying: \u201cIt shows an important principle, and this is that if there is any doubt regarding the method of slaughter of an animal, it is not allowed to eat it due to the fact that the default ruling is that it is forbidden, and there is no dispute on this.\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/p>
(The Ruling on Meat Slaughtered In the West by Shaykh Abdullah Azzam Shaheed (RA))<\/p>
Conclusion:<\/p>
Thus the commercially available meat in western supermarkets cannot be declared permissible to consume because the identity of the slaughterer is unknown and the method of slaughter does not conform to Islamic Shariah<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Question: I have come across Muslims who try and justify that we are permitted to eat the meat of the Jews\/Christians, as is, e.g. McDonalds, supermarkets etc on the basis of the opinion given by Yusuf Al- Qaradawi:

\u201dSince Allah did not prohibit it, the food of the Jews and the Christians is permitted to you on the basis of the original permissibility of things, and likewise you can share your food with them. Accordingly, you can eat the flesh of the animals they have slaughtered or hunted, and they can eat what you have slaughtered or hunted.\u201d
(The Lawful and The Prohibited in Islam by Yusuf Al-Qaradawi, page 59).

\u201dThe application of the phrase, [part of the verse of the Quran, 5:5] \u2018the food of those who were given the Scripture,\u2019 is general and includes their meats, produce, and other foods. All of these are halal for us excepting what is haram in itself, e.g., the flesh of a dead animal, pork, and flowing blood, as these are haram regardless of whether they are obtained from a Christian, a Jew or a Muslim. \u201c
(The Lawful and The Prohibited in Islam by Yusuf Al-Qaradawi, page 60)

\u201dIf one does not hear from a Christian or a Jew that a name other than Allah\u2019s such as that of Jesus or a saint, was mentioned at the time of slaughter, the meat he offers is halal. If, however, he says that a name other than Allah\u2019s has been mentioned, it is haram, according to the opinion of some jurists who argue that it falls under the heading of what has been dedicated to other than Allah. Some others hold the opinion that the food of the People of the Book has been permitted to us by Allah, Who is aware of what they say when slaughtering an animal.\u201d
(The Lawful and The Prohibited in Islam by Yusuf Al-Qaradawi, page 60)

\u201d\u2026we know that imported meats, such as chicken and canned beef, originating with the People of the Book are halal for us, even though the animal may have been killed by means of electric shock or the like. As long as they consider it lawful in their religion, it is halal for us. This is the application of the above verse from Surah al-Maidah.\u201d (Sheikh Qaradawi is referring to Quran 5:5)\u00a0 (The Lawful and The Prohibited in Islam by Yusuf Al-Qaradawi, page 62)

It should be noted that at a conference of the Muslim Arab Youth Association (MAYA) in the U.S. a few years ago, where Sheikh Qaradawi is a regular speaker, he became exasperated upon being asked this question. He has encouraged, in the North American context, where Muslim businesses are present, that Muslims buy from these stores as opposed to purchasing from the supermarket.<\/strong>

Answer: In the Name of Allah, Most Compassionate, Most Merciful,

The answer to this question will be divided into three parts:

<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>
1. <\/span>The first looks at the Islamic perspective and viewpoint with regards to meat-eating and slaughtering of animals.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>
2. <\/span>The second deals with the conditions and rules pertaining to a valid slaughter in Shariah.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>
3. <\/span>The third in refutation of those who call for the meat sold in western supermarkets to be considered lawful (halal).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>
\u00a0<\/p>
1. The Islamic Perspective on Eating Meat & Slaughtering Animals:<\/strong>

It is common knowledge that eating meat goes back to the advent of man. Man has been consuming meat from the very early times. However, before the advent of Islam, all possible means were used in order to acquire the meat of animals. The flesh of dead animals was consumed. At times a part of the body of a living animal would be cut and eaten. No consideration would be taken in preventing the pain and suffering to the defenceless and innocent creatures of Allah.

Then, Allah blessed humanity with His Beloved Messenger (Allah bless him & give him peace), as a light and life-giving.

The Sacred Law (Shariah) of Islam that the Messenger of Allah (blessings and peace be upon him) came with from Allah differentiated between a living and a dead animal. Dead animals were declared unlawful (haram). Certain animals that were harmful to the wellbeing of humans were also prohibited, such as: pigs, dogs, cats and wild animals.

Animals that were declared lawful (halal) were also subjected to certain rules & regulations, which would ensure that the blood and other impure elements come out from their body as much as possible and that the slaughter be done in a way that was least painful and most merciful to the animal. The ritual nature of the slaughtering also serves as a reminder to humans of the tremendousness of the gift of life, and the blessing of food in general and meat in particular.

The Sacred Law of the Beloved Messenger of Allah (blessings and peace be upon him) also distinguished between the consumption of animals and other types of food. Animals are similar to humans as they possess a soul and the five senses. They are able to experience pains and pleasures. Due to this fact, it would appear that the consumption of animal meat should not have been lawful for humans. Some people, in different civilizations and times, whose intellects have not been enlightened by the light of revelation, came to this conclusion.

However, Allah Almighty through his infinite Mercy and Grace permitted humans to consume the meat of certain animals. He made humans the best of creations and created everything for their benefit. Allah Most High Says:
<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\u201cIt is He, who has created for you all things that are on earth.\u201d (Qur\u2019an, al-Baqarah, 2.29).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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With this, Islam stands out from the man-made religions and faiths in that it has appointed and fixed certain methods and ways for the slaughtering of animals. It has laid down principles, and prescribed laws without which the animals are not lawful to consume.

The issue of slaughtering animals is not a normal and mundane issue, in which an individual may act as he\/she desires, without being restricted to rules and principles. Rather it is regarded from the acts of worship, and there is sacredness associated with it, for the reasons mentioned above.

The Messenger of Allah (Allah bless him & give him peace) said:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\u201cWhoever prays our prayer and faces our Qiblah and eats our slaughtered animals, is a believer who is under Allah\u2019s and His Messenger\u2019s protection.\u201d [Recorded by Imam al-Bukhari on the authority of Anas ibn Malik (Allah be pleased with him)]<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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In another hadith, the Prophet (Allah bless him and give him peace) stated:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\u201cI have been ordered to fight the people until they say: \u2018There is no God but Allah.\u2019 When they do so, and pray like our prayers, face our Qiblah and slaughter as we slaughter, then their blood and property will be sacrosanct except by due legal right.\u201d [Bukhari]<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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The above two narrations of the blessed Messenger of Allah (Allah bless him & give him peace) are very clear in determining that the slaughtering of animals holds a significant position in Shariah. The Prophet (Allah bless him & give him peace) counted the slaughtering of animals with praying Salat and facing the Qiblah. He considered it from those specific features of Islam, which distinguishes a Muslim from a non-Muslim and regarded it as one of the hallmarks of a true believer with which his life and wealth is protected.

Therefore, those who believe that the slaughtering of animals is a normal and non-religious affair and that one may practice the slaughter in the manner one wishes, are clearly in contradiction with the sayings and guidance of the Messenger of Allah (Allah bless him & give him peace). How can one regard it as a purely mundane act when our Beloved Prophet (Allah bless him & give him peace) considered it to be sign of a Muslim?

Thus, it may be seen that the Shariah is very clear with regards to the consumption of animals. It has prescribed certain principles, rules, regulations and laws to which a Muslim must adhere. Some of these laws are connected to the actual lawfulness of the animal and others to the slaughtering of the animal. Failing to comply with these rules may well render the animal haram.

2. The Conditions & Rules Pertaining To A Valid Slaughter In The Sacred Law:<\/strong>

The rules and laws governing hunting and slaughtering are given great importance in traditional Islamic jurisprudence, because of the importance Allah and His Messenger (Allah bless him & give him peace) gave them.

The fuqaha (jurists) have explained these rules in great detail in their various works, deducing from the Qur\u2019an, Prophetic example (sunna), and the sayings of the Companions (Allah be pleased with them). Very rarely one will find a book in traditional Islamic jurisprudence without a complete chapter on hunting and slaughtering.

We can obviously not cover all of these rules in this brief article; neither is that our aim, but the basic fundamentals and important principles with regards to the slaughtering of animals can be mentioned.

There are basically three conditions for a valid slaughter according to the Shariah:
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a. <\/span><\/strong>Most of the four veins (including the Jugular vein, according to some) must cut with a tool that is sharp and has a cutting edge;

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b. <\/span><\/strong>The name of Allah must be taken at the time of slaughtering, whether actually or effectively (such as when it is forgotten by someone who would normally have said it);

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c. <\/span><\/strong>The slaughterer must be either a Muslim or from the People of the Book (Ahl al-Kitab). [As mentioned by Haskafi and Ibn Abidin in Radd al-Muhtar `ala al-Durr al-Mukhtar]

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It should be also remembered here, that all these conditions are necessary individually and separately. Failure to fulfil them will render the animal unlawful.

Let us look at these rules and conditions in more detail:

The first condition:<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Those animals which are within ones capacity to slaughter, whether domesticated or wild, it is necessary that its blood is shed by a tool that has a cutting edge, and that it kills the animal with its sharpness and not by its force. This sharp thing may be a knife or anything else. However, it is disliked (makruh) to use a tooth or a claw in the Hanafi School and impermissible to do so in the Shafi\u2019I school. [Ibn Abidin, Radd al-Muhtar, 5\/208]<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Allah Almighty says:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\u201cForbidden to you (for food) are: dead meat, blood, the flesh of swine, and that which has been invoked the name of other than Allah, that which has been killed by strangling, or by a violent blow, or by a headlong fall, or by being gored to death, that which has been (partly) eaten by a wild animal, unless you are able to slaughter it (before the animal dying due to the above causes).\u201d [Qur\u2019an, Surah al-Ma\u2019idah, 5.3]<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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In a rigorously authenticated (sahih) hadith recorded by Imam al-Bukhari and others, the Messenger of Allah (Allah bless him & give him peace) said:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\u201cIf the killing tool causes the blood to gush out, and the name of Allah is mentioned, then eat (of the slaughtered animal), but do not use a nail (claw) or a tooth.\u201d [Bukhari]<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Ibn Abbas reports that the Messenger of Allah (Allah bless him & give him peace) said:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\u201cWhatever cuts the jugular veins, then eat the animal.\u201d (Muwatta of Imam Malik, 2\/489)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Ibn Abbas and Abu Huraira (Allah be pleased with them) report:

\u201cThe Messenger of Allah (Allah bless him & give him peace) prohibited the Sharita of Shaytan. It is an animal which is slaughtered by cutting it open, and the veins are not cut, and is then left to die.\u201d [Sunan Abu Dawud]

From the above hadiths and other evidences, the fuqaha (jurists) have deduced that for the animal to be lawful (halal) it is necessary that its veins are cut open in a way that the blood streams and gushes out. This is to make sure that the impure elements are removed from the animal as much as possible.

The Fuqaha differ as to which of the veins must be cut. According to Imam Shafi\u2019i, both the wind pipe and the gullet must be slit in order for the animal to be lawful. According to our (Hanafi) school, three from the four must be cut. However, all the fuqaha agree that the place to slaughter is the throat and the upper part of the chest.

The second condition:<\/strong>

As far as the second condition (taking Allah\u2019s name) is concerned, the majority of the jurists are of the view that this is necessary. If one failed to recite Allah\u2019s name intentionally and deliberately, the animal will be unlawful to consume. However, if this is left out due to forgetfulness, it will remain halal, as the primary texts indicate

This is the ruling according to the majority of the jurists. It is usually related from Imam Shafi\u2019i (Allah be pleased with him) that the animal will be halal even in the situation of leaving pronouncing the name of Allah intentionally, and to recite the name of Allah is merely a Sunnah. However, my respected teacher Mufti Taqi Usmani (Allah preserve him) argues (after giving proofs from the extensive works of the Shafi`i school) that this is only when it occurs infrequently. If a habit is made of leaving pronouncing the name of Allah due to negligence and taking the matter lightly, it is also not permissible according to the Shafi`i school.

Some evidences regarding the necessity of pronouncing the name of Allah when slaughtering:
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a. <\/span><\/strong>Allah Most High says:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\u201cEat not of (meats) over which Allah\u2019s name has not been pronounced. That would be impiety.\u201d (al-An\u2019 am, V. 121)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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The above text is clear in determining the necessity of taking the name of Allah when slaughtering and the unlawfulness of the animal when it is left out, as the major Qur\u2019anic commentators explain.<\/p>
b. <\/span><\/strong>Allah Almighty says:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\u201cThey ask you what is lawful for them (as food). Say: Lawful unto you are (all) things good and pure and what you have taught your trained hunting animals (to catch) in the manner directed to you by Allah. Eat what they catch for you and pronounce the name of Allah over it.\u201d (al-Ma\u2019idah, V.4)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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c. <\/span><\/strong>Allah Almighty says:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\u201cWhy should you not eat of (meats) on which Allah\u2019s name has been pronounced.\u201d (al-An\u2019am, V. 119)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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d.<\/strong> <\/span>Jundub ibn Sufyan al-Bajali narrates that:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\u201cOnce we offered some animals as sacrifices with the Messenger of Allah. Some people slaughtered their sacrifices before the Eid prayer. When the Prophet (Sallallahu Alayhi Wasallam) completed his prayer, He saw that they had slaughtered before the prayer. He said: \u201cWhoever slaughtered before the prayer, should slaughter another animal (sacrifice) in place of it and those who did not slaughter until we prayed, should slaughter by mentioning Allah\u2019s name.\u201d [Bukhari]<\/p>
The third condition:<\/strong>

The third condition is that the slaughterer must be either a Muslim or from the people of the book (Ahl al-Kitab). The animal slaughtered by other then a Muslim or the People of the Book (namely, Jews and Christians, if the other conditions are also fulfilled) is haram according to all the jurists of Islam. Scholarly consensus (ijma`) has been transmitted on this matter by major authorities. [Ibn Qudama, Mughni 9.312, and other works]

Allah Most High says:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\u201cToday are (all) things good and pure made lawful unto you. The food of the People of the Book is lawful unto you and yours is lawful unto them\u201d (al-An\u2019am, V. 5).<\/p>
The meaning of \u201cfood\u201d in the above verse is specifically the animals slaughtered by the People of the book (Christians and Jews). (See Tafsir Ibn Kathir, 2\/19).<\/p>
Overtly, the above verse reads that the animal slaughtered (zabiha) by the People of the Book is permissible and lawful to consume. However, there is a fundamental principle in the science of the exegesis of the Holy Qur\u2019an (Tafsir) which states, very understandably, that, \u201cOne part of the Qur\u2019an explains the other.\u201d [See: Qurtubi\u2019s introduction to his al-Jami` li Ahkam al-Qur\u2019an, and Suyuti\u2019s al-Itqan fi `Ulum al-Qur\u2019an]<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Therefore, this verse should be understood in the light of another verse mentioned earlier relating to the same matter: \u201cEat not of (meats) on which Allah\u2019s name has not been pronounced\u201d (al-An\u2019am, 121).<\/p>
In the light of both verses, it is deduced and understood that the Zabiha of the Ahl al-Kitab is only permissible when the name of Allah was taken at the time of slaughtering the animal, and the slaughtering itself done in the proper manner. As mentioned earlier, this condition of reciting the name of Allah is independently necessary. This is discussed further in the following section.

3. Regarding the Claims of Those Who State That Western Supermarket Meats Are Halal:<\/strong>

Now we look at the claims made by certain groups that the meat available in western supermarkets is Halal. From among such people is also one of the renowned contemporary scholars Shaykh Yusuf al-Qaradawi, as rightly pointed out by the questioner.

I would not like to offend anybody but, rather, to point out to the truth. Shaykh Yusuf al-Qaradawi is a great scholar who has done great service to Islam, and conveyed its message and rulings to people few others have been able to reach. May Allah reward him greatly for this. It is this unbefitting for a mere student like me to criticize him. But this is a unique aspect of our religion that it enables and empowers students and lesser people to stand up for the truth. And it is only the barakah of these great scholars themselves enables those less than them to bring their views foreword. And all, ultimately only seek the truth and Allah\u2019s acceptance.

Regarding Shaykh Yusuf al-Qaradawi, I think the following excerpt of our moderator Sayyidi Faraz Rabbani is sufficient, which was posted earlier:
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\u201cTraditional scholars caution about Shaykh Qaradawi\u2019s fiqh methodology and especially his excessive leniency that often reaches the point of laxity. This is because he does not limit himself to reliable positions within the four Sunni schools of Fiqh, and is notorious among scholars for many aberrant stances and positions.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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They respect him as a scholar, but they are cautious and caution others about positions he takes that depart from the mainstream.\u201d

The basis of Shaykh Qaradawi\u2019s argument is that the verse of the Holy Qur\u2019an which permits the food of the People of the Book (mentioned earlier) is general and includes their meats, produce and other foods irrespective of the way the slaughter took place, and whether the name of Allah was taken or not.

Also, he argues, the food of the Christians and Jews is permitted on the basis of the original permissibility of things, as Allah did not prohibit it.
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In summary, there are two questions which arise here:
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a. <\/span><\/strong>Is it necessary for the people of the Book to slaughter the animal according to the method prescribed by Shariah? and
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b.<\/strong> <\/span>Is it necessary for them

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The first question: Is it necessary for the people of the Book to slaughter the animal according to the method prescribed by Shariah?

As far as the first question is concerned, the overwhelming majority of the jurists are of the view that the slaughtering of the People of the Book will only be Halal if they slaughter the animal according to the principles set down by Shariah.

Below are some of the evidences which signify this:

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1. <\/span><\/strong>Allah Almighty says in Surah al-Ma\u2019idah:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\u201cForbidden to you are: dead meat, the flesh of swine, and that on which has been invoked the name of other than Allah, that which has been killed by strangling, or by a violent blow, or by a headlong fall, or by being gored to death, that which has been partly eaten by a wild animal, unless you are able to slaughter it\u201d (Qur\u2019an, 5.3).<\/p>
Swine has been declared unlawful in this verse, as has been the animal which was strangled to death or was killed by a violent blow. If one considers animals strangled by the Ahl al-Kitab as lawful will also have to regard the meat of swine Halal, as both have been mentioned in the same context, and also it is from the \u201cfood of the People of the Book\u201d.<\/p>
2. <\/span><\/strong>The meaning of the verse \u201cThe food of the People of the Book is lawful unto you\u201d is that they are considered as equal to the Muslims with regards to the slaughter of animals, not surpass them. How can it be that the animal slaughtered by someone of the People of the Book is Halal regardless of the procedure used in slaughtering, and the animal slaughtered by a Muslim in the same manner is deemed unlawful?
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3. <\/span><\/strong>Islam made a distinction between the Ahl al-Kitab and other non-Muslims with regards to slaughter and marriage, as their laws in these two aspects were very similar to those of Muslims. For example, it is stated in the Jewish book The Mishnah:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\u201cIf he slaughtered with a hand-sickle or with a blunt glass or with a reed, what he slaughters is valid. All may slaughter and at any time and with any implement excepting a reaping sickle or a saw or teeth or the finger-nails, since these choke.\u201d (The Misnah, hullin 1, P.513)<\/p>
The above is clear in determining that the permissibility of consuming meat slaughtered by Christians and Jews is only because they adhere to the principles set down by Islam.<\/p>
4. <\/span><\/strong>If one was to marry a Christian or a Jewish girl, but not in accordance with the laws of the Shariah, such as the need for witnesses and not marrying an immediate family member, it would be considered unlawful without disagreement. Then why the difference in the issue of slaughter and animals?

There are also other evidences, but I will suffice with these, as not to prolong our discussion.

The Second Question: Is it necessary for them to take the name of Allah?<\/strong>

Regarding the taking of Allah\u2019s name by the people of the book, there is a difference of opinion between the jurists.

According to the Hanafi and Hanbali schools, this is a condition for the animal to be Halal. (See: Kasani, Bada\u2019i` al-Sana\u2019i`, 5.46). Also here, the reason why an animal slaughtered by the Ahal al-Kitab is Halal is because they used to take Allah\u2019s name when slaughtering the animal.

Then there is another aspect to this issue, which is that many people in the West claim to be Christians. This claim is not true insofar as they do not firmly believe in God, a revealed book, and a prophet, regardless of the nature of their beliefs in these matters. Rather, they are often Christians only by name and do not actually believe in any religion. Thus, they cannot be termed People of the Book. They are atheists and it is not permissible to consume the animal slaughtered by them, by scholarly consensus.

In conclusion, the meat sold in western supermarkets or served by Christians will be unlawful as they generally do not fulfil the conditions of a valid slaughtering and that they are usually not true Christians. Kosher meat, would be however, in itself permitted. Top scholars across the Muslim world, including Shaykh Qaradawi himself say that Muslims should avoid Kosher meat due to the Zionist oppression in Palestine.

And Allah Knows Best

Muhammad ibn Adam
Darul Iftaa
Leicester, UK<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Reading Bismillah and eating the meat!\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Some people claim that reciting Bismillah on (any) meat of a permissible meat would it Halal to consume as it is mentioned in a Hadeeth. Simply reproducing the Hadeeth in full debunks the idea and here is the full text:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Sayyia \u2018Aisha (RA) narrated: A group of people said to the Prophet (Sallallaho Alaihe Wassallam), \u201cSome people bring us meat and we do not know whether they have mentioned Allah\u2019s Name or not on slaughtering the animal.\u201d He said, \u201cMention Allah\u2019s Name on it and eat.\u201d\u00a0Those people had embraced Islam recently. [Bukhari]<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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The Islamic Laws of Animal Slaughter<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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By Shaykh (Mufti) Taqi Usmani (HA)\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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<\/div>